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promptkit/docs/internal/capacity.md

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# Internal Capacity Management
## Purpose
This document describes the implemented engine-local capacity coordination in
`internal/capacity`. The [architecture policy](../policy/architecture.md) owns
component boundaries, the [backend GoDoc](../../backends.go) owns exact public
configuration semantics, and the
[internal runner document](runner.md) owns orchestration around admission.
Capacity scheduling is outside the provider wire contract. It does not add
fields to execution targets, generated requests, prompt or profile YAML, or
stable JSON values.
## Construction And Pool Lifecycle
Each root `NewEngine` call obtains a normalized capacity-policy snapshot from
its immutable backend registry and constructs a new `Manager`. The manager
creates one pool for each limited backend ID. It has no package-global mutable
state, background workers, shutdown protocol, or persistence, so engines with
the same registrations still have independent capacity.
Unlimited registered backends and endpoint-only profiles have no pool. Their
admission and generation calls take the unrestricted fast path. An endpoint
override does not change the selected backend ID and therefore does not change
the pool.
One pool owns immutable active and total limits plus mutex-protected admission
count, active count, and ordered waiter list. Pool state exists only for the
lifetime of its engine.
## Bounded Execution Admission
For ordinary `Run`, the runner asks the manager to admit after resolving the
prompt, profile, selected backend, effective execution target, credentials, and
output contract, but before schema loading, artifact loading, or rendering.
`PrepareExecution` performs no admission. `RunPrepared` claims its handle,
rechecks credential availability, and then asks the manager to admit the
frozen backend before generation.
Admission is immediate: a limited pool either reserves a slot or returns the
internal `ErrCapacityExceeded` identity. The root facade maps that identity to
the public error without treating it as an invalid request or generation
failure.
The total admitted bound is the active-generation limit plus its configured
waiting capacity. The returned release function is idempotent. The runner
defers it as soon as admission succeeds. An ordinary run holds the lease across
remaining preparation, initial generation, validation, every repair attempt,
and all failure or cancellation exits. Prepared execution holds the normal
lease across generation, validation, every internal repair attempt, and all
execution exits. A repair is part of its original admission and does not
reserve another bounded slot.
## FIFO Generation Permits
`NewClient` wraps the engine's selected internal model client after public
client adaptation or built-in client construction. Initial generation and the
default repairer receive the same wrapper.
For each `Generate` call, the wrapper selects a pool from the request's
effective backend ID. An unlimited call passes directly to the next client. A
limited call acquires an active permit, invokes the next client, and defers
permit release so ordinary returns and panic unwinding both restore capacity.
Preparation and validation never hold an active permit.
When all active permits are occupied, calls join a mutex-protected FIFO waiter
list. Releasing a permit transfers it directly to the oldest remaining waiter
before making it generally available. Pools do not order work relative to
other backend IDs.
The wrapper passes generation requests, responses, and collaborator errors
through unchanged. It owns scheduling only; the concrete model client remains
responsible for provider transport behavior.
## Cancellation And Release
Admission checks the caller context before reserving a slot. A call canceled
while waiting for an active permit removes its waiter under the same pool lock
used to grant permits. If cancellation removes the waiter first, the wrapped
client is not invoked. If a concurrent grant wins first, the call owns the
permit and invokes the client with the original context, allowing the client
to observe cancellation normally.
This grant-or-cancel decision prevents lost and double-released permits.
Admission leases and active permits are released after success, collaborator
errors, validation failures, cancellation, and panic unwinding. Canceled
waiters are unlinked so their contexts and requests are not retained by the
pool.
## Test Ownership
The [manager tests](../../internal/capacity/manager_test.go) own policy
validation, bounded admission, idempotent release, context handling, and
unlimited admission. The
[client tests](../../internal/capacity/client_test.go) own peak enforcement,
FIFO transfer, canceled-waiter removal, grant/cancel races, independent pools,
unlimited calls, passthrough behavior, and panic release.
The [runner tests](../../internal/usecase/runner_test.go) own ordinary early
admission, lease lifetime, failure release, and shared initial/repair
scheduling. The
[prepared-execution use-case tests](../../internal/usecase/prepared_execution_test.go)
own deferred admission, credential ordering, and prepared-execution lease
release. The
[external package capacity tests](../../capacity_contract_test.go) own the
assembled public-engine behavior for configured limits, capacity errors,
endpoint identity, engine independence, and injected clients. The
[prepared-execution contract tests](../../prepared_execution_contract_test.go)
own the public prepared-capacity boundary. The
[root error-boundary tests](../../errors_internal_test.go) own preservation of
the public generation category and context identity when generation is
canceled.