diff --git a/docs/internal/stage-publish.md b/docs/internal/stage-publish.md
index 19fbb95..6c71846 100644
--- a/docs/internal/stage-publish.md
+++ b/docs/internal/stage-publish.md
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ Upload run/session outputs to object storage and atomically advance remote curre
 - successful preceding stages from the [canonical stage set](overview.md#pipeline-stage-set)
 - invocation-scoped run files
 - resolved publish output rules
-- effective publish locks (static + remote merged lock set)
+- effective publish locks (static + remote merged lock set), revalidated at the
+  remote commit boundary
 - durable previous-session cache files when present
 
 ## Outputs
@@ -44,6 +45,9 @@ Exact remote placement and the operator workflow belong in
 - uploads and verifies every declared immutable object and the commit manifest;
 - updates `current/commit-pointer.json` exactly once, last; and
 - does not write the legacy `current/manifest.json` or `current/run_id.txt` pair.
+- rechecks remote lock state immediately before the pointer update. A newly
+  committed lock aborts selection, leaving any uploaded immutable attempt
+  unselected.
 
 ## Metadata Signals
 
@@ -66,7 +70,8 @@ Includes counts/lists for:
   undeclared entries are rejected or ignored before uploads begin.
 - run-local diagnostics, including Notarius receipt and stderr files, are
   archived only when recorded by the run manifest.
-- publish locks are not overridden by `--force`.
+- publish locks are not overridden by `--force`; remote locks are revalidated
+  immediately before current-state selection.
 
 The commit boundary and cleanup gate are normative architecture invariants; see
 [Architecture](../policy/architecture.md#publish-commit-boundary).
diff --git a/docs/internal/storage.md b/docs/internal/storage.md
index 640a960..127ea59 100644
--- a/docs/internal/storage.md
+++ b/docs/internal/storage.md
@@ -12,8 +12,10 @@ operator-selected storage fields and credential mechanisms belong in
 `storage.ObjectStore` interface:
 
 - `List(ctx, prefix)`
+- `Read(ctx, key)` returns an object body and the generation observed with it
 - `Download(ctx, key, localPath)`
 - `Upload(ctx, localPath, key, opts)`
+- `UploadConditional(ctx, source, key, opts, condition)`
 - `Exists(ctx, key)`
 
 Key invariant:
@@ -31,8 +33,13 @@ not own discovery, defaults, or configuration validation.
 
 - normalizes object keys.
 - `List` paginates and returns normalized `ObjectInfo`.
+- A truncated S3 listing must supply a new, non-empty continuation token;
+  otherwise listing fails with bucket and prefix context instead of looping.
 - `Download` writes local files with parent directory creation.
 - `Upload` streams local file and returns remote metadata.
+- `Read` binds a returned body to its S3 ETag. `UploadConditional` maps an ETag
+  match or absence precondition directly to the provider request and reports a
+  failed precondition without performing a local check-then-write replacement.
 - `Exists` maps not-found responses to `false`.
 
 ## Invariants
diff --git a/docs/operations.md b/docs/operations.md
index 42210fe..acc37f0 100644
--- a/docs/operations.md
+++ b/docs/operations.md
@@ -236,7 +236,14 @@ Effective lock rules:
 - static and remote locks are merged;
 - static locks win on source collisions;
 - locked outputs are intentional skips;
-- lock add/remove commands mutate only remote lock state.
+- lock add/remove commands mutate only remote lock state through generation-bound
+  conditional writes. A command retries a bounded number of concurrent
+  conflicts while its invocation context remains active, so it never replaces a
+  different lock-document generation; and
+- a publish re-reads remote locks immediately before it writes the current
+  commit pointer. A lock committed before that recheck prevents selecting the
+  new snapshot, even though its already-uploaded immutable objects may remain
+  available for a later retry.
 
 Examples:
 
diff --git a/docs/policy/architecture.md b/docs/policy/architecture.md
index 75d4345..79aa3b7 100644
--- a/docs/policy/architecture.md
+++ b/docs/policy/architecture.md
@@ -173,7 +173,9 @@ the immutable commit manifest, and finally the current commit pointer.
 `current/commit-pointer.json` is the sole mutable selector and must be written
 exactly once, last. Failed, incomplete, skipped, or uncommitted publish attempts
 must not be presented as current remote state. Publish locks remain authoritative
-and are not bypassed by a forced run.
+and are not bypassed by a forced run. Mutable remote locks use provider-enforced
+generation preconditions and are revalidated immediately before pointer
+selection; loss of that check leaves the prior committed snapshot current.
 
 Automatic local cleanup is permitted only after a successful publish commit,
 only when explicitly configured, and only through the path-safety guardrails.
diff --git a/docs/roadmap/implementation.md b/docs/roadmap/implementation.md
index 391d131..cf4e247 100644
--- a/docs/roadmap/implementation.md
+++ b/docs/roadmap/implementation.md
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ All stages are pending when this plan is created.
 | 12 | Centralize handled terminal-failure persistence | RSK-001, TST-002, SIM-001, COM-001 | Completed |
 | 13 | Introduce the immutable remote-commit model and legacy boundary | ARC-003 | Completed |
 | 14 | Publish through immutable commits and canonical mappings | COR-004, COR-011, DUP-002, TST-004 | Completed |
-| 15 | Make remote locks generation-safe and harden pagination | RSK-005, RSK-014 | Pending |
+| 15 | Make remote locks generation-safe and harden pagination | RSK-005, RSK-014 | Completed |
 | 16 | Persist retryable post-commit cleanup state | COR-006, COR-007 | Pending |
 | 17 | Bind restore/status to a committed snapshot and reject conflicts | COR-008, COR-009, TST-005 | Pending |
 | 18 | Serialize restore transitions and make restored paths portable | RSK-006, RSK-008 | Pending |
diff --git a/internal/adapters/storage/fake.go b/internal/adapters/storage/fake.go
index f6b336b..8869b4a 100644
--- a/internal/adapters/storage/fake.go
+++ b/internal/adapters/storage/fake.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package storage
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"crypto/sha256"
 	"encoding/hex"
@@ -10,11 +11,14 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 )
 
 // FakeBackend provides a deterministic in-memory object store for tests.
 type FakeBackend struct {
+	mu sync.RWMutex
+
 	Objects   map[string]FakeObject
 	Uploads   []FakeUploadCall
 	Downloads []FakeDownloadCall
@@ -50,6 +54,12 @@ type FakeObject struct {
 
 // SeedObject inserts or replaces an object in the fake object store.
 func (f *FakeBackend) SeedObject(obj FakeObject) {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	f.seedObject(obj)
+}
+
+func (f *FakeBackend) seedObject(obj FakeObject) {
 	if f.Objects == nil {
 		f.Objects = map[string]FakeObject{}
 	}
@@ -72,6 +82,8 @@ func (f *FakeBackend) List(ctx context.Context, prefix string) ([]ObjectInfo, er
 		return nil, f.ListErr
 	}
 
+	f.mu.RLock()
+	defer f.mu.RUnlock()
 	normalizedPrefix := normalizeObjectKey(prefix)
 	keys := make([]string, 0, len(f.Objects))
 	for key := range f.Objects {
@@ -94,6 +106,28 @@ func (f *FakeBackend) List(ctx context.Context, prefix string) ([]ObjectInfo, er
 	return out, nil
 }
 
+// Read returns a stable object body and the generation observed with it.
+func (f *FakeBackend) Read(ctx context.Context, key string) (ObjectInfo, io.ReadCloser, error) {
+	if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+		return ObjectInfo{}, nil, err
+	}
+	if f.DownloadErr != nil {
+		return ObjectInfo{}, nil, f.DownloadErr
+	}
+	normalizedKey := normalizeObjectKey(key)
+	f.mu.RLock()
+	obj, ok := f.Objects[normalizedKey]
+	if ok {
+		obj.Data = append([]byte(nil), obj.Data...)
+		obj.Metadata = copyMetadata(obj.Metadata)
+	}
+	f.mu.RUnlock()
+	if !ok {
+		return ObjectInfo{}, nil, fmt.Errorf("read object %q: %w", normalizedKey, os.ErrNotExist)
+	}
+	return ObjectInfo{Key: obj.Key, Size: int64(len(obj.Data)), ETag: obj.ETag, LastModified: obj.LastModified}, io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(obj.Data)), nil
+}
+
 // DownloadTo writes one object to a caller-owned destination writer.
 func (f *FakeBackend) DownloadTo(ctx context.Context, key string, destination io.Writer) error {
 	if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
@@ -106,12 +140,15 @@ func (f *FakeBackend) DownloadTo(ctx context.Context, key string, destination io
 		return fmt.Errorf("download object: destination writer is required")
 	}
 
-	obj, ok := f.Objects[normalizeObjectKey(key)]
-	if !ok {
-		return fmt.Errorf("download object %q: %w", key, os.ErrNotExist)
+	_, source, err := f.Read(ctx, key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
+	defer source.Close()
+	f.mu.Lock()
 	f.Downloads = append(f.Downloads, FakeDownloadCall{Key: normalizeObjectKey(key)})
-	if _, err := destination.Write(obj.Data); err != nil {
+	f.mu.Unlock()
+	if _, err := io.Copy(destination, source); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("download object %q: write destination: %w", key, err)
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -189,26 +226,71 @@ func (f *FakeBackend) uploadReader(ctx context.Context, source io.Reader, key st
 			ContentType: opts.ContentType,
 		},
 	}
+	f.mu.Lock()
 	f.Uploads = append(f.Uploads, call)
+	f.mu.Unlock()
 	if f.UploadHook != nil {
 		if err := f.UploadHook(call); err != nil {
 			return ObjectInfo{}, err
 		}
 	}
-	now := time.Now().UTC()
-	obj := FakeObject{
-		Key:          normalizedKey,
-		Data:         data,
-		Metadata:     copyMetadata(opts.Metadata),
-		LastModified: &now,
+	return f.storeUploadedObject(normalizedKey, data, opts), nil
+}
+
+// UploadConditional atomically checks and replaces one mutable object.
+func (f *FakeBackend) UploadConditional(ctx context.Context, source io.Reader, key string, opts UploadOptions, condition WriteCondition) (ObjectInfo, error) {
+	if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+		return ObjectInfo{}, err
 	}
-	f.SeedObject(obj)
-	return ObjectInfo{
-		Key:          normalizedKey,
-		Size:         int64(len(data)),
-		ETag:         fakeObjectETag(data),
-		LastModified: &now,
-	}, nil
+	if err := validateWriteCondition(condition); err != nil {
+		return ObjectInfo{}, err
+	}
+	if f.UploadErr != nil {
+		return ObjectInfo{}, f.UploadErr
+	}
+	if source == nil {
+		return ObjectInfo{}, fmt.Errorf("upload object: source is required")
+	}
+	normalizedKey := normalizeObjectKey(key)
+	if normalizedKey == "" {
+		return ObjectInfo{}, fmt.Errorf("upload object: key is required")
+	}
+	data, err := io.ReadAll(source)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ObjectInfo{}, fmt.Errorf("upload object %q: %w", normalizedKey, err)
+	}
+	call := FakeUploadCall{Key: normalizedKey, Options: UploadOptions{Metadata: copyMetadata(opts.Metadata), ContentType: opts.ContentType}}
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	f.Uploads = append(f.Uploads, call)
+	f.mu.Unlock()
+	if f.UploadHook != nil {
+		if err := f.UploadHook(call); err != nil {
+			return ObjectInfo{}, err
+		}
+	}
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	existing, found := f.Objects[normalizedKey]
+	if condition.RequireAbsent && found {
+		return ObjectInfo{}, ErrConditionNotMet
+	}
+	if expected := strings.TrimSpace(condition.MatchETag); expected != "" && (!found || existing.ETag != expected) {
+		return ObjectInfo{}, ErrConditionNotMet
+	}
+	return f.storeUploadedObjectLocked(normalizedKey, data, opts), nil
+}
+
+func (f *FakeBackend) storeUploadedObject(key string, data []byte, opts UploadOptions) ObjectInfo {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	return f.storeUploadedObjectLocked(key, data, opts)
+}
+
+func (f *FakeBackend) storeUploadedObjectLocked(key string, data []byte, opts UploadOptions) ObjectInfo {
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	obj := FakeObject{Key: key, Data: append([]byte(nil), data...), Metadata: copyMetadata(opts.Metadata), LastModified: &now}
+	f.seedObject(obj)
+	return ObjectInfo{Key: key, Size: int64(len(data)), ETag: fakeObjectETag(data), LastModified: &now}
 }
 
 func fakeObjectETag(data []byte) string {
@@ -224,7 +306,9 @@ func (f *FakeBackend) Exists(ctx context.Context, key string) (bool, error) {
 	if f.ExistsErr != nil {
 		return false, f.ExistsErr
 	}
+	f.mu.RLock()
 	_, ok := f.Objects[normalizeObjectKey(key)]
+	f.mu.RUnlock()
 	return ok, nil
 }
 
diff --git a/internal/adapters/storage/fake_test.go b/internal/adapters/storage/fake_test.go
index 2222098..ed637aa 100644
--- a/internal/adapters/storage/fake_test.go
+++ b/internal/adapters/storage/fake_test.go
@@ -71,6 +71,21 @@ func TestFakeBackendUploadAndExists(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestFakeBackendConditionalUploadRejectsStaleGeneration(t *testing.T) {
+	fake := &FakeBackend{}
+	fake.SeedObject(FakeObject{Key: "locks.yml", Data: []byte("old")})
+	old := fake.Objects["locks.yml"].ETag
+	if _, err := fake.UploadConditional(context.Background(), strings.NewReader("new"), "locks.yml", UploadOptions{}, WriteCondition{MatchETag: old}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("UploadConditional() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := fake.UploadConditional(context.Background(), strings.NewReader("lost"), "locks.yml", UploadOptions{}, WriteCondition{MatchETag: old}); !errors.Is(err, ErrConditionNotMet) {
+		t.Fatalf("UploadConditional() error = %v, want ErrConditionNotMet", err)
+	}
+	if got := string(fake.Objects["locks.yml"].Data); got != "new" {
+		t.Fatalf("locks object = %q, want successful replacement preserved", got)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestFakeBackendObjectErrors(t *testing.T) {
 	fake := &FakeBackend{DownloadErr: errors.New("download fail"), UploadErr: errors.New("upload fail"), ListErr: errors.New("list fail"), ExistsErr: errors.New("exists fail")}
 
diff --git a/internal/adapters/storage/object_store.go b/internal/adapters/storage/object_store.go
index 16cbb4b..d8f9863 100644
--- a/internal/adapters/storage/object_store.go
+++ b/internal/adapters/storage/object_store.go
@@ -2,10 +2,15 @@ package storage
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"time"
 )
 
+// ErrConditionNotMet reports that an object changed or already existed before a
+// conditional write could be committed.
+var ErrConditionNotMet = errors.New("object write condition not met")
+
 // ReaderUploader streams caller-owned, already-opened content to object storage.
 // Callers retain source-selection and filesystem-confinement policy.
 type ReaderUploader interface {
@@ -19,8 +24,10 @@ type ReaderUploader interface {
 // infer Narratio session semantics and do not prepend root prefixes.
 type ObjectStore interface {
 	List(ctx context.Context, prefix string) ([]ObjectInfo, error)
+	Read(ctx context.Context, key string) (ObjectInfo, io.ReadCloser, error)
 	Download(ctx context.Context, key, localPath string) error
 	Upload(ctx context.Context, localPath, key string, opts UploadOptions) (ObjectInfo, error)
+	UploadConditional(ctx context.Context, source io.Reader, key string, opts UploadOptions, condition WriteCondition) (ObjectInfo, error)
 	Exists(ctx context.Context, key string) (bool, error)
 }
 
@@ -37,3 +44,10 @@ type UploadOptions struct {
 	Metadata    map[string]string
 	ContentType string
 }
+
+// WriteCondition protects a mutable object update against a stale snapshot.
+// Exactly one condition is required by UploadConditional.
+type WriteCondition struct {
+	MatchETag     string
+	RequireAbsent bool
+}
diff --git a/internal/adapters/storage/s3_backend.go b/internal/adapters/storage/s3_backend.go
index 3e16543..f7bc64f 100644
--- a/internal/adapters/storage/s3_backend.go
+++ b/internal/adapters/storage/s3_backend.go
@@ -117,6 +117,7 @@ func (b *S3Backend) List(ctx context.Context, prefix string) ([]ObjectInfo, erro
 	normalizedPrefix := normalizeObjectKey(prefix)
 	out := make([]ObjectInfo, 0)
 	var token *string
+	seenTokens := map[string]struct{}{}
 
 	for {
 		resp, err := b.client.ListObjectsV2(ctx, &s3.ListObjectsV2Input{
@@ -142,32 +143,56 @@ func (b *S3Backend) List(ctx context.Context, prefix string) ([]ObjectInfo, erro
 			})
 		}
 
-		if !valueOrFalseBool(resp.IsTruncated) || resp.NextContinuationToken == nil {
+		if !valueOrFalseBool(resp.IsTruncated) {
 			break
 		}
-		token = resp.NextContinuationToken
+		next := strings.TrimSpace(valueOrEmpty(resp.NextContinuationToken))
+		if next == "" {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("s3 list objects bucket %q prefix %q: truncated response has an empty continuation token", b.bucket, normalizedPrefix)
+		}
+		if _, repeated := seenTokens[next]; repeated {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("s3 list objects bucket %q prefix %q: truncated response repeated continuation token", b.bucket, normalizedPrefix)
+		}
+		seenTokens[next] = struct{}{}
+		token = &next
 	}
 	return out, nil
 }
 
+// Read retrieves an object together with the generation observed for its body.
+func (b *S3Backend) Read(ctx context.Context, key string) (ObjectInfo, io.ReadCloser, error) {
+	normalizedKey := normalizeObjectKey(key)
+	resp, err := b.client.GetObject(ctx, &s3.GetObjectInput{Bucket: &b.bucket, Key: &normalizedKey})
+	if err != nil {
+		if isS3NotFound(err) {
+			return ObjectInfo{}, nil, fmt.Errorf("read object %q: %w", normalizedKey, os.ErrNotExist)
+		}
+		return ObjectInfo{}, nil, fmt.Errorf("read object %q: %w", normalizedKey, err)
+	}
+	var lastModified *time.Time
+	if resp.LastModified != nil {
+		t := *resp.LastModified
+		lastModified = &t
+	}
+	return ObjectInfo{
+		Key: normalizedKey, Size: valueOrZeroInt64(resp.ContentLength),
+		ETag: strings.Trim(valueOrEmpty(resp.ETag), "\""), LastModified: lastModified,
+	}, resp.Body, nil
+}
+
 // DownloadTo retrieves one object into the caller-owned destination writer.
 func (b *S3Backend) DownloadTo(ctx context.Context, key string, destination io.Writer) error {
-	normalizedKey := normalizeObjectKey(key)
 	if destination == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("download object: destination writer is required")
 	}
-
-	resp, err := b.client.GetObject(ctx, &s3.GetObjectInput{
-		Bucket: &b.bucket,
-		Key:    &normalizedKey,
-	})
+	_, body, err := b.Read(ctx, key)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("download object %q: %w", normalizedKey, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("download object %q: %w", normalizeObjectKey(key), err)
 	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	defer body.Close()
 
-	if _, err := io.Copy(destination, resp.Body); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("download object %q: copy body: %w", normalizedKey, err)
+	if _, err := io.Copy(destination, body); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("download object %q: copy body: %w", normalizeObjectKey(key), err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -214,15 +239,24 @@ func (b *S3Backend) Upload(ctx context.Context, localPath, key string, opts Uplo
 	if err != nil {
 		return ObjectInfo{}, fmt.Errorf("upload object %q from %q: stat local file: %w", normalizedKey, localPath, err)
 	}
-	return b.uploadReader(ctx, file, key, opts, stat.Size())
+	return b.uploadReader(ctx, file, key, opts, stat.Size(), WriteCondition{})
 }
 
 // UploadReader sends caller-owned content to key.
 func (b *S3Backend) UploadReader(ctx context.Context, source io.Reader, key string, opts UploadOptions) (ObjectInfo, error) {
-	return b.uploadReader(ctx, source, key, opts, 0)
+	return b.uploadReader(ctx, source, key, opts, 0, WriteCondition{})
 }
 
-func (b *S3Backend) uploadReader(ctx context.Context, source io.Reader, key string, opts UploadOptions, size int64) (ObjectInfo, error) {
+// UploadConditional uploads a mutable object only when its observed generation
+// still matches, or when no object exists yet.
+func (b *S3Backend) UploadConditional(ctx context.Context, source io.Reader, key string, opts UploadOptions, condition WriteCondition) (ObjectInfo, error) {
+	if err := validateWriteCondition(condition); err != nil {
+		return ObjectInfo{}, err
+	}
+	return b.uploadReader(ctx, source, key, opts, 0, condition)
+}
+
+func (b *S3Backend) uploadReader(ctx context.Context, source io.Reader, key string, opts UploadOptions, size int64, condition WriteCondition) (ObjectInfo, error) {
 	normalizedKey := normalizeObjectKey(key)
 	if source == nil {
 		return ObjectInfo{}, fmt.Errorf("upload object: source is required")
@@ -241,9 +275,18 @@ func (b *S3Backend) uploadReader(ctx context.Context, source io.Reader, key stri
 		ct := strings.TrimSpace(opts.ContentType)
 		input.ContentType = &ct
 	}
+	if condition.RequireAbsent {
+		wildcard := "*"
+		input.IfNoneMatch = &wildcard
+	} else if expected := strings.TrimSpace(condition.MatchETag); expected != "" {
+		input.IfMatch = &expected
+	}
 
 	resp, err := b.client.PutObject(ctx, input)
 	if err != nil {
+		if isS3ConditionalConflict(err) {
+			return ObjectInfo{}, fmt.Errorf("upload object %q: %w", normalizedKey, ErrConditionNotMet)
+		}
 		return ObjectInfo{}, fmt.Errorf("upload object %q: %w", normalizedKey, err)
 	}
 
@@ -268,18 +311,43 @@ func (b *S3Backend) Exists(ctx context.Context, key string) (bool, error) {
 		return true, nil
 	}
 
+	if isS3NotFound(err) {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	return false, fmt.Errorf("head object %q: %w", normalizedKey, err)
+}
+
+func validateWriteCondition(condition WriteCondition) error {
+	if condition.RequireAbsent == (strings.TrimSpace(condition.MatchETag) != "") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("conditional upload requires exactly one of MatchETag or RequireAbsent")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func isS3NotFound(err error) bool {
 	var notFound *types.NotFound
 	if errors.As(err, &notFound) {
-		return false, nil
+		return true
 	}
 	var apiErr smithy.APIError
 	if errors.As(err, &apiErr) {
 		switch apiErr.ErrorCode() {
 		case "NotFound", "NoSuchKey", "404":
-			return false, nil
+			return true
 		}
 	}
-	return false, fmt.Errorf("head object %q: %w", normalizedKey, err)
+	return false
+}
+
+func isS3ConditionalConflict(err error) bool {
+	var apiErr smithy.APIError
+	if errors.As(err, &apiErr) {
+		switch apiErr.ErrorCode() {
+		case "PreconditionFailed", "ConditionalRequestConflict", "412", "409":
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
 }
 
 func valueOrEmpty(v *string) string {
diff --git a/internal/adapters/storage/s3_backend_test.go b/internal/adapters/storage/s3_backend_test.go
index e7781a8..8944e46 100644
--- a/internal/adapters/storage/s3_backend_test.go
+++ b/internal/adapters/storage/s3_backend_test.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package storage
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -17,8 +18,10 @@ import (
 )
 
 type fakeS3API struct {
-	listOut *s3.ListObjectsV2Output
-	listErr error
+	listOut     *s3.ListObjectsV2Output
+	listOutputs []*s3.ListObjectsV2Output
+	listErr     error
+	listCalls   int
 
 	getBody io.ReadCloser
 	getErr  error
@@ -28,23 +31,65 @@ type fakeS3API struct {
 
 	headErr error
 
-	lastList *s3.ListObjectsV2Input
-	lastGet  *s3.GetObjectInput
-	lastPut  *s3.PutObjectInput
-	lastHead *s3.HeadObjectInput
+	lastList  *s3.ListObjectsV2Input
+	lastLists []*s3.ListObjectsV2Input
+	lastGet   *s3.GetObjectInput
+	lastPut   *s3.PutObjectInput
+	lastHead  *s3.HeadObjectInput
 }
 
 func (f *fakeS3API) ListObjectsV2(_ context.Context, params *s3.ListObjectsV2Input, _ ...func(*s3.Options)) (*s3.ListObjectsV2Output, error) {
 	f.lastList = params
+	f.lastLists = append(f.lastLists, params)
 	if f.listErr != nil {
 		return nil, f.listErr
 	}
+	if f.listCalls < len(f.listOutputs) {
+		out := f.listOutputs[f.listCalls]
+		f.listCalls++
+		return out, nil
+	}
 	if f.listOut == nil {
 		return &s3.ListObjectsV2Output{}, nil
 	}
 	return f.listOut, nil
 }
 
+func TestS3BackendListPaginatesAndRejectsNonProgressingTokens(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("multiple pages", func(t *testing.T) {
+		client := &fakeS3API{listOutputs: []*s3.ListObjectsV2Output{
+			{Contents: []types.Object{{Key: strPtr("prefix/a"), Size: int64Ptr(1)}}, IsTruncated: boolPtr(true), NextContinuationToken: strPtr("next")},
+			{Contents: []types.Object{{Key: strPtr("prefix/b"), Size: int64Ptr(2)}}, IsTruncated: boolPtr(false)},
+		}}
+		items, err := (&S3Backend{bucket: "bucket-1", client: client}).List(context.Background(), "prefix/")
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("List() error = %v", err)
+		}
+		if len(items) != 2 || items[0].Key != "prefix/a" || items[1].Key != "prefix/b" {
+			t.Fatalf("List() items = %#v", items)
+		}
+		if len(client.lastLists) != 2 || client.lastLists[1].ContinuationToken == nil || *client.lastLists[1].ContinuationToken != "next" {
+			t.Fatalf("continuation calls = %#v", client.lastLists)
+		}
+	})
+
+	for _, test := range []struct {
+		name    string
+		outputs []*s3.ListObjectsV2Output
+		want    string
+	}{
+		{name: "empty", outputs: []*s3.ListObjectsV2Output{{IsTruncated: boolPtr(true)}}, want: "empty continuation token"},
+		{name: "repeated", outputs: []*s3.ListObjectsV2Output{{IsTruncated: boolPtr(true), NextContinuationToken: strPtr("again")}, {IsTruncated: boolPtr(true), NextContinuationToken: strPtr("again")}}, want: "repeated continuation token"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, err := (&S3Backend{bucket: "bucket-1", client: &fakeS3API{listOutputs: test.outputs}}).List(context.Background(), "prefix/")
+			if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), test.want) || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "bucket-1") || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "prefix/") {
+				t.Fatalf("List() error = %v, want contextual %q", err, test.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func (f *fakeS3API) GetObject(_ context.Context, params *s3.GetObjectInput, _ ...func(*s3.Options)) (*s3.GetObjectOutput, error) {
 	f.lastGet = params
 	if f.getErr != nil {
@@ -160,6 +205,22 @@ func TestS3BackendUploadAndExists(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestS3BackendConditionalUploadUsesProviderPrecondition(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeS3API{putOut: &s3.PutObjectOutput{ETag: strPtr(`"etag123"`)}}
+	backend := &S3Backend{bucket: "bucket-1", client: client}
+	if _, err := backend.UploadConditional(context.Background(), strings.NewReader("payload"), "locks.yml", UploadOptions{}, WriteCondition{MatchETag: "before"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("UploadConditional() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if client.lastPut == nil || client.lastPut.IfMatch == nil || *client.lastPut.IfMatch != "before" || client.lastPut.IfNoneMatch != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("PutObject conditional input = %#v", client.lastPut)
+	}
+	client.putErr = &smithy.GenericAPIError{Code: "PreconditionFailed", Message: "changed"}
+	_, err := backend.UploadConditional(context.Background(), strings.NewReader("payload"), "locks.yml", UploadOptions{}, WriteCondition{RequireAbsent: true})
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrConditionNotMet) {
+		t.Fatalf("UploadConditional() error = %v, want ErrConditionNotMet", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestS3BackendUploadMissingLocalFile(t *testing.T) {
 	backend := &S3Backend{bucket: "bucket-1", client: &fakeS3API{}}
 	_, err := backend.Upload(context.Background(), filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "missing.txt"), "key.txt", UploadOptions{})
@@ -249,5 +310,6 @@ func TestNewS3BackendFromConfigFallsBackWhenCredentialEnvMissing(t *testing.T) {
 
 func strPtr(v string) *string { return &v }
 func int64Ptr(v int64) *int64 { return &v }
+func boolPtr(v bool) *bool    { return &v }
 
 var _ s3API = (*fakeS3API)(nil)
diff --git a/internal/app/operator_helpers_test.go b/internal/app/operator_helpers_test.go
index 41be95c..ea5c7d9 100644
--- a/internal/app/operator_helpers_test.go
+++ b/internal/app/operator_helpers_test.go
@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@ package app
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -522,6 +524,71 @@ func TestExecuteLocksAddListAndRemoveUseRemoteLockStore(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestMutateRemoteLockStoreRetainsConcurrentUpdates(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Pipeline: &config.PipelineConfig{Storage: config.StorageConfig{S3: &config.StorageS3Config{Bucket: "bucket", RootPrefix: "root"}}},
+		Session:  &config.SessionConfig{Campaign: "campaign", SessionID: "session"},
+	}
+	fake := &storage.FakeBackend{}
+	arrived := make(chan struct{}, 2)
+	release := make(chan struct{})
+	var hookMu sync.Mutex
+	hookCalls := 0
+	fake.UploadHook = func(storage.FakeUploadCall) error {
+		hookMu.Lock()
+		hookCalls++
+		call := hookCalls
+		hookMu.Unlock()
+		if call <= 2 {
+			arrived <- struct{}{}
+			<-release
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	mutate := func(source string) error {
+		return mutateRemoteLockStore(context.Background(), cfg, fake, func(lockStore *config.PublishLockStore) error {
+			set := lockSourceSet(lockStore.Locks)
+			set[source] = config.PublishLockRule{Source: source}
+			lockStore.Locks = lockMapValues(set)
+			return nil
+		})
+	}
+	errs := make(chan error, 2)
+	go func() { errs <- mutate("narratio.transcript.final") }()
+	go func() { errs <- mutate("narratio.transcript.final_trimmed") }()
+	<-arrived
+	<-arrived
+	close(release)
+	if err := <-errs; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("first concurrent mutation error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := <-errs; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("second concurrent mutation error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	locks, _, _, err := loadRemoteLockStore(context.Background(), cfg, fake)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("loadRemoteLockStore() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(locks.Locks) != 2 || locks.Locks[0].Source != "narratio.transcript.final" || locks.Locks[1].Source != "narratio.transcript.final_trimmed" {
+		t.Fatalf("remote locks = %#v, want both concurrent updates", locks.Locks)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMutateRemoteLockStoreHonorsCancellation(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Pipeline: &config.PipelineConfig{Storage: config.StorageConfig{S3: &config.StorageS3Config{Bucket: "bucket", RootPrefix: "root"}}},
+		Session:  &config.SessionConfig{Campaign: "campaign", SessionID: "session"},
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+	err := mutateRemoteLockStore(ctx, cfg, &storage.FakeBackend{}, func(*config.PublishLockStore) error { return nil })
+	if !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+		t.Fatalf("mutateRemoteLockStore() error = %v, want context cancellation", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestExecuteLocksAddDuplicateRequiresForce(t *testing.T) {
 	workspaceRoot := t.TempDir()
 	pipelinePath, campaignPath, sessionPath := writeValidConfigFiles(t, workspaceRoot)
diff --git a/internal/app/operator_locks.go b/internal/app/operator_locks.go
index dd1c8c6..a149597 100644
--- a/internal/app/operator_locks.go
+++ b/internal/app/operator_locks.go
@@ -73,16 +73,20 @@ func LocksAdd(ctx context.Context, args []string, out io.Writer) error {
 	if _, ok := lockSourceSet(locks.Static)[source]; ok {
 		return fmt.Errorf("locks add: source %q is locked by pipeline config and cannot be modified remotely", source)
 	}
-	remoteSet := lockSourceSet(locks.Remote)
-	if _, exists := remoteSet[source]; exists && !force {
-		return fmt.Errorf("locks add: remote lock for %q already exists; pass --force to update", source)
-	}
-	remoteSet[source] = config.PublishLockRule{Source: source, Reason: strings.TrimSpace(reason)}
-	remoteLocks := lockMapValues(remoteSet)
-	if _, err := config.ValidatePublishLockRules(remoteLocks, cfg.Pipeline.Scriptorium, cfg.Pipeline.Notarius, "locks"); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("locks add: %w", err)
-	}
-	if err := uploadRemoteLockStore(ctx, store, locks.Key, &config.PublishLockStore{Locks: remoteLocks}); err != nil {
+	if err := mutateRemoteLockStore(ctx, cfg, store, func(lockStore *config.PublishLockStore) error {
+		remoteSet := lockSourceSet(lockStore.Locks)
+		if _, exists := remoteSet[source]; exists && !force {
+			return fmt.Errorf("remote lock for %q already exists; pass --force to update", source)
+		}
+		remoteSet[source] = config.PublishLockRule{Source: source, Reason: strings.TrimSpace(reason)}
+		lockStore.Locks = lockMapValues(remoteSet)
+		normalized, err := config.ValidatePublishLockRules(lockStore.Locks, cfg.Pipeline.Scriptorium, cfg.Pipeline.Notarius, "locks")
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		lockStore.Locks = normalized
+		return nil
+	}); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("locks add: %w", err)
 	}
 	_, err = fmt.Fprintf(out, "narratio session locks add: locked %s\n", source)
@@ -109,16 +113,18 @@ func LocksRemove(ctx context.Context, args []string, out io.Writer) error {
 	if _, err := config.ValidatePublishLockRules([]config.PublishLockRule{{Source: source}}, cfg.Pipeline.Scriptorium, cfg.Pipeline.Notarius, "locks remove"); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("locks remove: %w", err)
 	}
-	remoteSet := lockSourceSet(locks.Remote)
-	if _, ok := remoteSet[source]; !ok {
-		if _, static := lockSourceSet(locks.Static)[source]; static {
-			return fmt.Errorf("locks remove: source %q is locked by pipeline config and cannot be unlocked remotely", source)
+	if err := mutateRemoteLockStore(ctx, cfg, store, func(lockStore *config.PublishLockStore) error {
+		remoteSet := lockSourceSet(lockStore.Locks)
+		if _, ok := remoteSet[source]; !ok {
+			if _, static := lockSourceSet(locks.Static)[source]; static {
+				return fmt.Errorf("source %q is locked by pipeline config and cannot be unlocked remotely", source)
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("remote lock for %q does not exist", source)
 		}
-		return fmt.Errorf("locks remove: remote lock for %q does not exist", source)
-	}
-	delete(remoteSet, source)
-	remoteLocks := lockMapValues(remoteSet)
-	if err := uploadRemoteLockStore(ctx, store, locks.Key, &config.PublishLockStore{Locks: remoteLocks}); err != nil {
+		delete(remoteSet, source)
+		lockStore.Locks = lockMapValues(remoteSet)
+		return nil
+	}); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("locks remove: %w", err)
 	}
 	_, err = fmt.Fprintf(out, "narratio session locks remove: unlocked %s\n", source)
diff --git a/internal/app/post_publish_cleanup_test.go b/internal/app/post_publish_cleanup_test.go
index 965180d..967fd9d 100644
--- a/internal/app/post_publish_cleanup_test.go
+++ b/internal/app/post_publish_cleanup_test.go
@@ -394,6 +394,10 @@ func (s *failKeyStore) List(ctx context.Context, prefix string) ([]storage.Objec
 	return s.delegate.List(ctx, prefix)
 }
 
+func (s *failKeyStore) Read(ctx context.Context, key string) (storage.ObjectInfo, io.ReadCloser, error) {
+	return s.delegate.Read(ctx, key)
+}
+
 func (s *failKeyStore) Download(ctx context.Context, key, localPath string) error {
 	return s.delegate.Download(ctx, key, localPath)
 }
@@ -412,6 +416,13 @@ func (s *failKeyStore) UploadReader(ctx context.Context, source io.Reader, key s
 	return s.delegate.UploadReader(ctx, source, key, opts)
 }
 
+func (s *failKeyStore) UploadConditional(ctx context.Context, source io.Reader, key string, opts storage.UploadOptions, condition storage.WriteCondition) (storage.ObjectInfo, error) {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(key) == strings.TrimSpace(s.failKey) {
+		return storage.ObjectInfo{}, errors.New("forced upload failure")
+	}
+	return s.delegate.UploadConditional(ctx, source, key, opts, condition)
+}
+
 func (s *failKeyStore) Exists(ctx context.Context, key string) (bool, error) {
 	return s.delegate.Exists(ctx, key)
 }
diff --git a/internal/app/remote_locks.go b/internal/app/remote_locks.go
index a251649..9f8dd78 100644
--- a/internal/app/remote_locks.go
+++ b/internal/app/remote_locks.go
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 package app
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
@@ -20,6 +23,8 @@ type effectiveLocks struct {
 	Key    string
 }
 
+const remoteLockMutationAttempts = 4
+
 func remoteLocksKey(cfg *config.Config) (string, error) {
 	if cfg == nil || cfg.Pipeline == nil || cfg.Session == nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("resolved config is required")
@@ -35,32 +40,34 @@ func remoteLocksKey(cfg *config.Config) (string, error) {
 	return artifacts.S3SessionLocksKey(sessionPrefix), nil
 }
 
-func loadRemoteLockStore(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.Config, store storage.ObjectStore) (*config.PublishLockStore, string, error) {
+func loadRemoteLockStore(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.Config, store storage.ObjectStore) (*config.PublishLockStore, string, string, error) {
 	key, err := remoteLocksKey(cfg)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
+		return nil, "", "", err
 	}
-	exists, err := store.Exists(ctx, key)
+	if store == nil {
+		return nil, key, "", fmt.Errorf("remote lock store is required")
+	}
+	info, body, err := store.Read(ctx, key)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, key, fmt.Errorf("check remote locks %q: %w", key, err)
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			return &config.PublishLockStore{}, key, "", nil
+		}
+		return nil, key, "", fmt.Errorf("read remote locks %q: %w", key, err)
 	}
-	if !exists {
-		return &config.PublishLockStore{}, key, nil
+	defer body.Close()
+	if strings.TrimSpace(info.ETag) == "" {
+		return nil, key, "", fmt.Errorf("read remote locks %q: object has no generation", key)
 	}
-	tmp, err := storage.DownloadObjectToTemp(ctx, store, key, "narratio-locks-*.yml")
+	data, err := io.ReadAll(body)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, key, fmt.Errorf("download remote locks %q: %w", key, err)
-	}
-	defer func() { _ = os.Remove(tmp) }()
-	data, err := os.ReadFile(tmp)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, key, fmt.Errorf("read remote locks %q: %w", key, err)
+		return nil, key, "", fmt.Errorf("read remote locks %q: %w", key, err)
 	}
 	lockStore, err := config.LoadPublishLockStoreBytes("s3://"+s3BucketName(cfg.Pipeline)+"/"+key, data, cfg.Pipeline.Scriptorium, cfg.Pipeline.Notarius)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, key, err
+		return nil, key, "", err
 	}
-	return lockStore, key, nil
+	return lockStore, key, info.ETag, nil
 }
 
 func loadEffectiveLocks(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.Config, store storage.ObjectStore) (*effectiveLocks, error) {
@@ -71,7 +78,7 @@ func loadEffectiveLocks(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.Config, store storage.O
 			All:    append([]config.PublishLockRule(nil), staticLocks...),
 		}, nil
 	}
-	lockStore, key, err := loadRemoteLockStore(ctx, cfg, store)
+	lockStore, key, _, err := loadRemoteLockStore(ctx, cfg, store)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -101,28 +108,38 @@ func applyEffectiveLocks(cfg *config.Config, locks []config.PublishLockRule) {
 	cfg.Pipeline.Publish.Locks = append([]config.PublishLockRule(nil), locks...)
 }
 
-func uploadRemoteLockStore(ctx context.Context, store storage.ObjectStore, key string, lockStore *config.PublishLockStore) error {
-	data, err := config.MarshalPublishLockStore(lockStore)
-	if err != nil {
+func mutateRemoteLockStore(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.Config, store storage.ObjectStore, mutate func(*config.PublishLockStore) error) error {
+	for attempt := 0; attempt < remoteLockMutationAttempts; attempt++ {
+		if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		lockStore, key, generation, err := loadRemoteLockStore(ctx, cfg, store)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := mutate(lockStore); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		data, err := config.MarshalPublishLockStore(lockStore)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		condition := storage.WriteCondition{MatchETag: generation}
+		if generation == "" {
+			condition = storage.WriteCondition{RequireAbsent: true}
+		}
+		_, err = store.UploadConditional(ctx, bytes.NewReader(data), key, storage.UploadOptions{ContentType: "application/x-yaml; charset=utf-8"}, condition)
+		if err == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if !errors.Is(err, storage.ErrConditionNotMet) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("upload remote locks %q: %w", key, err)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	tmp, err := os.CreateTemp("", "narratio-locks-upload-*.yml")
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("create lock store temp file: %w", err)
-	}
-	tmpPath := tmp.Name()
-	defer func() { _ = os.Remove(tmpPath) }()
-	if _, err := tmp.Write(data); err != nil {
-		_ = tmp.Close()
-		return fmt.Errorf("write lock store temp file: %w", err)
-	}
-	if err := tmp.Close(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("close lock store temp file: %w", err)
-	}
-	if _, err := store.Upload(ctx, tmpPath, key, storage.UploadOptions{ContentType: "application/x-yaml; charset=utf-8"}); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("upload remote locks %q: %w", key, err)
-	}
-	return nil
+	return fmt.Errorf("update remote locks: concurrent updates prevented a conditional write after %d attempts", remoteLockMutationAttempts)
 }
 
 func lockSourceSet(locks []config.PublishLockRule) map[string]config.PublishLockRule {
diff --git a/internal/app/restore_discovery_test.go b/internal/app/restore_discovery_test.go
index 1e36005..305b38d 100644
--- a/internal/app/restore_discovery_test.go
+++ b/internal/app/restore_discovery_test.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -175,6 +176,11 @@ func (s *captureObjectStore) List(ctx context.Context, prefix string) ([]storage
 	return s.delegate.List(ctx, prefix)
 }
 
+func (s *captureObjectStore) Read(ctx context.Context, key string) (storage.ObjectInfo, io.ReadCloser, error) {
+	s.downloadKeys = append(s.downloadKeys, key)
+	return s.delegate.Read(ctx, key)
+}
+
 func (s *captureObjectStore) Download(ctx context.Context, key, localPath string) error {
 	s.downloadKeys = append(s.downloadKeys, key)
 	return s.delegate.Download(ctx, key, localPath)
@@ -184,6 +190,10 @@ func (s *captureObjectStore) Upload(ctx context.Context, localPath, key string,
 	return s.delegate.Upload(ctx, localPath, key, opts)
 }
 
+func (s *captureObjectStore) UploadConditional(ctx context.Context, source io.Reader, key string, opts storage.UploadOptions, condition storage.WriteCondition) (storage.ObjectInfo, error) {
+	return s.delegate.UploadConditional(ctx, source, key, opts, condition)
+}
+
 func (s *captureObjectStore) Exists(ctx context.Context, key string) (bool, error) {
 	s.existsKeys = append(s.existsKeys, key)
 	return s.delegate.Exists(ctx, key)
diff --git a/internal/app/restore_execution_test.go b/internal/app/restore_execution_test.go
index dbe4cb8..63f8cff 100644
--- a/internal/app/restore_execution_test.go
+++ b/internal/app/restore_execution_test.go
@@ -564,6 +564,10 @@ func (s *stagedManifestDownloadStore) List(ctx context.Context, prefix string) (
 	return s.delegate.List(ctx, prefix)
 }
 
+func (s *stagedManifestDownloadStore) Read(ctx context.Context, key string) (storage.ObjectInfo, io.ReadCloser, error) {
+	return s.delegate.Read(ctx, key)
+}
+
 func (s *stagedManifestDownloadStore) Download(ctx context.Context, key, localPath string) error {
 	if strings.TrimSpace(key) == strings.TrimSpace(s.manifestKey) {
 		s.manifestReads++
@@ -599,6 +603,10 @@ func (s *stagedManifestDownloadStore) Upload(ctx context.Context, localPath, key
 	return s.delegate.Upload(ctx, localPath, key, opts)
 }
 
+func (s *stagedManifestDownloadStore) UploadConditional(ctx context.Context, source io.Reader, key string, opts storage.UploadOptions, condition storage.WriteCondition) (storage.ObjectInfo, error) {
+	return s.delegate.UploadConditional(ctx, source, key, opts, condition)
+}
+
 func (s *stagedManifestDownloadStore) Exists(ctx context.Context, key string) (bool, error) {
 	return s.delegate.Exists(ctx, key)
 }
diff --git a/internal/app/runner.go b/internal/app/runner.go
index 520c89a..1ee8315 100644
--- a/internal/app/runner.go
+++ b/internal/app/runner.go
@@ -210,6 +210,14 @@ func executeStages(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.Config, stages []stage.Stage
 			)
 		}
 		applyEffectiveLocks(env.Config, locks.All)
+		staticLocks := append([]config.PublishLockRule(nil), locks.Static...)
+		env.RevalidatePublishLocks = func(recheckCtx context.Context) ([]config.PublishLockRule, error) {
+			remote, _, _, err := loadRemoteLockStore(recheckCtx, env.Config, env.ObjectStore)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return config.MergePublishLockRules(staticLocks, remote.Locks), nil
+		}
 	}
 	if env.Notifier == nil {
 		env.Notifier = &notify.NoopSender{}
diff --git a/internal/stage/analyze_test.go b/internal/stage/analyze_test.go
index 983783a..2cf2788 100644
--- a/internal/stage/analyze_test.go
+++ b/internal/stage/analyze_test.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package stage
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"sort"
@@ -1622,6 +1623,11 @@ func (s *analyzeObjectStoreTracker) List(context.Context, string) ([]storage.Obj
 	return nil, errors.New("unexpected object store list call")
 }
 
+func (s *analyzeObjectStoreTracker) Read(context.Context, string) (storage.ObjectInfo, io.ReadCloser, error) {
+	s.called = true
+	return storage.ObjectInfo{}, nil, errors.New("unexpected object store read call")
+}
+
 func (s *analyzeObjectStoreTracker) Download(context.Context, string, string) error {
 	s.called = true
 	return errors.New("unexpected object store download call")
@@ -1632,6 +1638,11 @@ func (s *analyzeObjectStoreTracker) Upload(context.Context, string, string, stor
 	return storage.ObjectInfo{}, errors.New("unexpected object store upload call")
 }
 
+func (s *analyzeObjectStoreTracker) UploadConditional(context.Context, io.Reader, string, storage.UploadOptions, storage.WriteCondition) (storage.ObjectInfo, error) {
+	s.called = true
+	return storage.ObjectInfo{}, errors.New("unexpected conditional object store upload call")
+}
+
 func (s *analyzeObjectStoreTracker) Exists(context.Context, string) (bool, error) {
 	s.called = true
 	return false, errors.New("unexpected object store exists call")
diff --git a/internal/stage/prepare_previous_test.go b/internal/stage/prepare_previous_test.go
index 8deba5e..f10b29e 100644
--- a/internal/stage/prepare_previous_test.go
+++ b/internal/stage/prepare_previous_test.go
@@ -387,6 +387,11 @@ func (s *preparePreviousCaptureStore) List(ctx context.Context, prefix string) (
 	return s.delegate.List(ctx, prefix)
 }
 
+func (s *preparePreviousCaptureStore) Read(ctx context.Context, key string) (storage.ObjectInfo, io.ReadCloser, error) {
+	s.downloadKeys = append(s.downloadKeys, key)
+	return s.delegate.Read(ctx, key)
+}
+
 func (s *preparePreviousCaptureStore) Download(ctx context.Context, key, localPath string) error {
 	s.downloadKeys = append(s.downloadKeys, key)
 	return s.delegate.Download(ctx, key, localPath)
@@ -401,6 +406,10 @@ func (s *preparePreviousCaptureStore) Upload(ctx context.Context, localPath, key
 	return s.delegate.Upload(ctx, localPath, key, opts)
 }
 
+func (s *preparePreviousCaptureStore) UploadConditional(ctx context.Context, source io.Reader, key string, opts storage.UploadOptions, condition storage.WriteCondition) (storage.ObjectInfo, error) {
+	return s.delegate.UploadConditional(ctx, source, key, opts, condition)
+}
+
 func (s *preparePreviousCaptureStore) Exists(ctx context.Context, key string) (bool, error) {
 	s.existsKeys = append(s.existsKeys, key)
 	return s.delegate.Exists(ctx, key)
diff --git a/internal/stage/publish.go b/internal/stage/publish.go
index 4a28f3f..e8665ea 100644
--- a/internal/stage/publish.go
+++ b/internal/stage/publish.go
@@ -231,6 +231,9 @@ func (publishStage) Run(ctx context.Context, env *Env, m *manifest.Manifest) (*S
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("publish: upload immutable commit %q: %w", commitKey, err)
 	}
+	if err := revalidatePublishCommitLocks(ctx, env, publishOutputs); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("publish: revalidate locks before current commit selection: %w", err)
+	}
 	pointerData, err := artifacts.EncodeCurrentCommitPointer(artifacts.CurrentCommitPointer{
 		FormatVersion:    artifacts.RemoteCommitFormatVersion,
 		Campaign:         commit.Campaign,
@@ -271,6 +274,23 @@ func (publishStage) Run(ctx context.Context, env *Env, m *manifest.Manifest) (*S
 	}, nil
 }
 
+func revalidatePublishCommitLocks(ctx context.Context, env *Env, outputs []publishOutput) error {
+	if env == nil || env.RevalidatePublishLocks == nil || len(outputs) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	locks, err := env.RevalidatePublishLocks(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	lockSet := publishLockSet(locks)
+	for _, output := range outputs {
+		if lock, locked := lockSet[output.Source]; locked {
+			return fmt.Errorf("source %q is locked: %s", output.Source, strings.TrimSpace(lock.Reason))
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 type publishOutput struct {
 	Source     string
 	Dest       string
diff --git a/internal/stage/publish_test.go b/internal/stage/publish_test.go
index 279d2d9..2f4f72e 100644
--- a/internal/stage/publish_test.go
+++ b/internal/stage/publish_test.go
@@ -885,6 +885,30 @@ func TestPublishRejectsConflictingImmutableObject(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestPublishDoesNotSelectCommitWhenLockAppearsAtCommitPoint(t *testing.T) {
+	env, m, _ := publishFixture(t)
+	fake := env.ObjectStore.(*storage.FakeBackend)
+	oldRunID := "20260515T010203Z-a1b2c3d4"
+	seedCommittedCurrentState(t, fake, m, oldRunID)
+	pointerKey := artifacts.S3CurrentCommitPointerKey(m.S3SessionPrefix)
+	priorPointer := append([]byte(nil), fake.Objects[pointerKey].Data...)
+	env.RevalidatePublishLocks = func(context.Context) ([]config.PublishLockRule, error) {
+		return []config.PublishLockRule{{Source: "narratio.transcript.final_trimmed", Reason: "manual review"}}, nil
+	}
+
+	_, err := (publishStage{}).Run(context.Background(), env, m)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "revalidate locks") || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "manual review") {
+		t.Fatalf("Run() error = %v, want commit-point lock failure", err)
+	}
+	if got := fake.Objects[pointerKey].Data; !reflect.DeepEqual(got, priorPointer) {
+		t.Fatalf("current pointer changed after lock appeared: %q", got)
+	}
+	state, err := artifacts.LoadCurrentState(context.Background(), fake, m.S3SessionPrefix, artifacts.CurrentStateValidation{ValidateRunID: true})
+	if err != nil || state.RunID != oldRunID {
+		t.Fatalf("current state after lock loss = %#v, %v; want old run %q", state, err, oldRunID)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestPublishRejectsAmbiguousOrCollidingOutputMappings(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name    string
diff --git a/internal/stage/stage.go b/internal/stage/stage.go
index bff6a4f..2577d2f 100644
--- a/internal/stage/stage.go
+++ b/internal/stage/stage.go
@@ -33,6 +33,10 @@ type Env struct {
 	Scriptorium scriptorium.Runner
 	ObjectStore storage.ObjectStore
 	Notifier    notify.Sender
+
+	// RevalidatePublishLocks returns the effective lock set immediately before a
+	// publish commit selects a new remote snapshot.
+	RevalidatePublishLocks func(context.Context) ([]config.PublishLockRule, error)
 }
 
 // IODecl declares the intended input/output artifact kinds for a stage.