Add snapshotted mapping configuration sources

docs/config.md

@@ -15,11 +15,18 @@ ConfigKit exposes opaque sources through these constructors:
 | `NewFilesystem(label, filesystem).File(name)` | Borrows a caller-owned `fs.FS` under a safe nonempty display label. `name` must be a non-root slash-relative `fs.ValidPath`. Each load reopens the selected regular file; copies of the `Filesystem` preserve namespace identity. Separate constructors create separate namespaces even for the same label or filesystem. |
 | `Bytes(label, data)` | Requires a nonempty, non-secret diagnostic label and snapshots bytes during construction. Later caller mutation cannot affect the source. |
 | `Reader(label, input)` | Requires a nonempty, non-secret label and non-nil reader. The reader is claimed once across all copies of the source, consumed but never closed, and cannot be reused. |
+| `Mapping(label, values)` | Requires a safe nonempty label and a non-nil root `map[string]any`. Snapshots supported built-in values into an owned mapping document at construction; `{}` is valid. Constructor conversion failures become safe deferred diagnostics. |
 | `NoSource()` | Selects defaults-only loading, creates no source record, and marks no paths explicit. |
 
 The zero `Source` is invalid. Constructor argument failures are retained inside the
 opaque source and become safe structured diagnostics when the source is consumed.
-File and filesystem sources can observe changes between consumptions; byte sources cannot.
+File and filesystem sources can observe changes between consumptions; byte and
+mapping sources cannot. Mapping accepts nil, built-in string, boolean, signed or
+unsigned integer, finite float, `[]any`, and `map[string]any` values recursively.
+Typed nil maps and slices represent explicit null; empty collections remain empty.
+Keys are sorted for stable provenance, integer decimal spelling stays exact, and
+cycles or unsupported types are rejected without exposing values. Mapping input
+uses the same directive and version rules as YAML, not CLI override restrictions.
 
 Each source is limited to 8 MiB. A load using imports or an active overlay is limited
 to 64 MiB across all accepted sources, 1,024 accepted sources, 64 active import
@@ -27,6 +34,8 @@ edges, and 1,000,000 input nodes in aggregate. Glob expansion separately permits
 1,000,000 visited directory entries, including nonmatches. Reads request at most the
 remaining allowance plus one byte so excess data is rejected rather than silently
 truncated. Data returned together with a read error is not accepted as partial input.
+For mapping sources, key and string bytes use the same accounting as programmatic
+overrides, and the converted tree uses the same node and depth bounds.
 
 ## Single-source loading
 
@@ -51,7 +60,7 @@ validate options → parse the selected source → traverse/compose enabled impo
   → snapshot configuration and metadata
 ```
 
-`File`, `Filesystem.File`, `Bytes`, and `Reader` each contribute the first base source with deterministic
+`File`, `Filesystem.File`, `Bytes`, `Reader`, and `Mapping` each contribute the first base source with deterministic
 ID `source-1`; enabled imports continue in depth-first order as `source-2` onward.
 `NoSource` skips parsing, supplies an absent version to a configured version checker,
 contributes no source, and continues through defaults, decode, and projection. A
@@ -68,7 +77,7 @@ disabled.
 Every source, options, schema, version, defaults, decode, resolution, or validation
 failure returns a nil result and a `*LoadError`. Successful results contain caller-owned `Config`, detached
 `Metadata`, a defensive source list, and defensive nonfatal diagnostics. Each source
-record's `Kind` identifies file, filesystem, bytes, reader, or CLI acquisition
+record's `Kind` identifies file, filesystem, bytes, reader, mapping, or CLI acquisition
 independently of its precedence `Layer`. Host file paths remain canonical;
 filesystem paths are slash-relative within their namespace; synthetic inputs have
 no path. Mutating
@@ -590,12 +599,12 @@ their contents are accumulated.
 
 For host files, the configuration root defaults to the selected file's canonical
 directory. A host file may supply `FilesystemContext.Root` to widen that root but
-may not supply `BaseDir` or a native `FS`. Byte and reader inputs with host context
+may not supply `BaseDir` or a native `FS`. Byte, reader, and mapping inputs with host context
 must provide both `BaseDir` and `Root` as absolute existing directories.
 For `Filesystem.File`, the default root is `.` in its namespace and the base is
 the selected file's directory. An explicit context must use the same `Filesystem`
 namespace and may set `Root` to contain the file and its base; it may not supply
-`BaseDir`. Byte and reader inputs with native context provide both `BaseDir` and
+`BaseDir`. Byte, reader, and mapping inputs with native context provide both `BaseDir` and
 `Root` as slash-relative `fs.ValidPath` directories in `FS` (`.` means its root),
 with the base inside the root. Context paths are checked even when imports and
 overlays are inactive. Diagnostic labels, including URI-looking labels, never

docs/roadmap/implementation.md

@@ -336,6 +336,16 @@ their contracts. Run the everyday checker, including public-boundary tests.
 
 ## Stage 5: Add snapshotted mapping sources
 
+**Completed 2026-09-29.** `Mapping` now snapshots supported built-in values at
+construction, retaining safe deferred diagnostics for invalid roots, values,
+cycles, nonfinite floats, and limits. A shared private converter preserves CLI
+override behavior through a separate adapter. Mapping inputs participate in
+ordinary directives, imports, version checks, decoding, and inspection with
+their own source kind and synthetic locations. Public tests cover YAML
+equivalence, reuse after caller mutation, null/empty/zero distinctions, exact
+integers, explicit filesystem context, and safe failures. The everyday checker
+and engine race suite passed.
+
 1. Extract reusable value conversion from `override_value.go`; keep CLI-specific
    path, label, and diagnostic handling in its adapter.
 2. Implement `Mapping` at root and engine boundaries with constructor-time

facade_mapping_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+package configkit_test
+
+import (
+	"math"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"testing/fstest"
+
+	configkit "gitea.maximumdirect.net/eric/ConfigKit"
+)
+
+type mappingFacadeConfig struct {
+	Enabled  bool     `yaml:"enabled"`
+	Count    uint64   `yaml:"count"`
+	Optional *string  `yaml:"optional"`
+	Items    []string `yaml:"items"`
+	Name     string   `yaml:"name"`
+}
+
+func TestFacadeMappingSnapshotsAndMatchesYAML(t *testing.T) {
+	items := []any{"one", "two"}
+	values := map[string]any{
+		"name": "original", "enabled": false, "count": ^uint64(0),
+		"optional": nil, "items": items,
+	}
+	source := configkit.Mapping("programmatic", values)
+	values["name"] = "mutated"
+	items[0] = "mutated"
+	for range 2 {
+		result, err := configkit.Load[mappingFacadeConfig](source)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		want := mappingFacadeConfig{Count: ^uint64(0), Items: []string{"one", "two"}, Name: "original"}
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(result.Config, want) {
+			t.Fatalf("mapping config = %#v, want %#v", result.Config, want)
+		}
+		if sources := result.Sources(); len(sources) != 1 || sources[0].ID != "source-1" || sources[0].Kind != configkit.SourceKindMapping || sources[0].Layer != configkit.LayerBase || sources[0].Path != "" {
+			t.Fatalf("mapping sources = %#v", sources)
+		}
+		info, ok := result.Metadata().Lookup(configkit.Keys("name"))
+		if !ok || len(info.Origin.Locations) != 1 || info.Origin.Locations[0].SourceID != "source-1" || info.Origin.Locations[0].Line != 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("mapping name origin = %#v, %v", info, ok)
+		}
+		fromYAML, err := configkit.Load[mappingFacadeConfig](configkit.Bytes("equivalent", []byte("enabled: false\ncount: 18446744073709551615\noptional: null\nitems: [one, two]\nname: original\n")))
+		if err != nil || !reflect.DeepEqual(result.Config, fromYAML.Config) {
+			t.Fatalf("equivalent YAML = %#v, %v", fromYAML, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFacadeMappingNullEmptyAndVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	result, err := configkit.Load[mappingFacadeConfig](configkit.Mapping("empty", map[string]any{}))
+	if err != nil || len(result.Sources()) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("empty mapping = %#v, %v", result, err)
+	}
+	var nilSequence []any
+	var nilMap map[string]any
+	var checked string
+	result, err = configkit.Load(configkit.Mapping("nullable", map[string]any{
+		"items": nilSequence, "optional": nilMap, "enabled": false, "count": uint64(0),
+	}), configkit.Options[mappingFacadeConfig]{Definition: configkit.Definition[mappingFacadeConfig]{
+		Version: &configkit.VersionRule{Path: configkit.Keys("count"), Check: func(version configkit.Version, validation *configkit.Validation) error {
+			checked = version.Text
+			return nil
+		}},
+	}})
+	if err != nil || checked != "0" || result.Config.Items != nil || result.Config.Optional != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("null and zero mapping = %#v, checked %q, %v", result, checked, err)
+	}
+	info, ok := result.Metadata().Lookup(configkit.Keys("items"))
+	if !ok || !info.Null || !info.Explicit {
+		t.Fatalf("null metadata = %#v, %v", info, ok)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFacadeMappingImportsUseExplicitContext(t *testing.T) {
+	namespace := configkit.NewFilesystem("bundle", fstest.MapFS{
+		"root/shared.yml": &fstest.MapFile{Data: []byte("name: imported\n")},
+	})
+	source := configkit.Mapping("programmatic", map[string]any{
+		"configkit": map[string]any{"imports": []any{map[string]any{"path": "shared.yml"}}},
+		"enabled":   true,
+	})
+	result, err := configkit.Load(source, configkit.Options[mappingFacadeConfig]{
+		Imports: true, Filesystem: &configkit.FilesystemContext{Root: "root", BaseDir: "root", FS: &namespace},
+	})
+	if err != nil || result.Config.Name != "imported" || !result.Config.Enabled {
+		t.Fatalf("mapping import = %#v, %v", result, err)
+	}
+	if sources := result.Sources(); len(sources) != 2 || sources[0].Kind != configkit.SourceKindMapping || sources[1].Kind != configkit.SourceKindFilesystem || sources[1].Layer != configkit.LayerBase {
+		t.Fatalf("mapping import sources = %#v", sources)
+	}
+	checkMappingCode(t, source, configkit.Options[mappingFacadeConfig]{Imports: true}, configkit.CodeOptionsInvalid)
+	checkMappingCode(t, source, configkit.Options[mappingFacadeConfig]{}, configkit.CodeImportDisabled)
+}
+
+func TestFacadeMappingDeferredValueDiagnostics(t *testing.T) {
+	cycle := map[string]any{}
+	cycle["secret"] = cycle
+	for _, test := range []struct {
+		name   string
+		source configkit.Source
+		want   configkit.Code
+		path   string
+	}{
+		{"nil root", configkit.Mapping("nil", nil), configkit.CodeSourceInvalid, ""},
+		{"bad label", configkit.Mapping("bad\nlabel", map[string]any{}), configkit.CodeSourceInvalid, ""},
+		{"unsupported", configkit.Mapping("bad", map[string]any{"secret": struct{ Value string }{"canary-value"}}), configkit.CodeSourceInvalid, "/secret"},
+		{"nonfinite", configkit.Mapping("bad", map[string]any{"count": math.NaN()}), configkit.CodeSourceInvalid, "/count"},
+		{"cycle", configkit.Mapping("bad", cycle), configkit.CodeSourceInvalid, "/secret"},
+		{"too many bytes", configkit.Mapping("bad", map[string]any{"name": strings.Repeat("x", 8<<20+1)}), configkit.CodeSourceLimitExceeded, "/name"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			loadError := checkMappingCode(t, test.source, configkit.Options[mappingFacadeConfig]{}, test.want)
+			diagnostic := loadError.Diagnostics()[0]
+			if diagnostic.Path.String() != test.path || diagnostic.Primary == nil || diagnostic.Primary.SourceID != "source-1" || strings.Contains(diagnostic.Message, "canary-value") {
+				t.Fatalf("diagnostic = %#v", diagnostic)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func checkMappingCode(t *testing.T, source configkit.Source, options configkit.Options[mappingFacadeConfig], want configkit.Code) *configkit.LoadError {
+	t.Helper()
+	_, err := configkit.Load(source, options)
+	loadError, ok := err.(*configkit.LoadError)
+	if !ok || len(loadError.Diagnostics()) == 0 || loadError.Diagnostics()[0].Code != want {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %#v, want %s", err, want)
+	}
+	return loadError
+}

internal/engine/filesystem.go

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ func filesystemOptionDiagnostics(source Source, context *FilesystemContext) []Di
 		if context.Root != "" && !fs.ValidPath(context.Root) {
 			return []Diagnostic{optionDiagnostic(CodeOptionsInvalid, "filesystem root must be a slash-relative valid path")}
 		}
-	case sourceBytes, sourceReader:
+	case sourceBytes, sourceReader, sourceMapping:
 		if context.BaseDir == "" || context.Root == "" {
 			return []Diagnostic{optionDiagnostic(CodeOptionsInvalid, "byte and reader filesystem context requires base and root directories")}
 		}

internal/engine/options.go

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ func selectOptions[T any](source Source, supplied []Options[T]) (Options[T], []D
 	if source.kind == sourceNone && options.Overlay != "" && options.Overlay != "default" {
 		diagnostics = append(diagnostics, optionDiagnostic(CodeOptionsInvalid, "NoSource cannot select an active overlay"))
 	}
-	if options.Filesystem == nil && (source.kind == sourceBytes || source.kind == sourceReader) && (options.Imports || activeOverlay(options.Overlay)) {
+	if options.Filesystem == nil && (source.kind == sourceBytes || source.kind == sourceReader || source.kind == sourceMapping) && (options.Imports || activeOverlay(options.Overlay)) {
-		diagnostics = append(diagnostics, optionDiagnostic(CodeOptionsInvalid, "byte and reader imports or overlays require filesystem context"))
+		diagnostics = append(diagnostics, optionDiagnostic(CodeOptionsInvalid, "synthetic-source imports or overlays require filesystem context"))
 	}
 	if definition.Version != nil {
 		if !definition.Version.Path.valid() {

internal/engine/override.go

@@ -94,11 +94,12 @@ func prepareOverrides(base *composedDocument, sources []SourceInfo, overrides []
 		}
 		pathAccepted[index] = true
 
-		builder := overrideValueBuilder{sourceID: prepared[index].source.ID, active: make(map[valueVisit]bool)}
+		builder := valueBuilder{sourceID: prepared[index].source.ID, active: make(map[valueVisit]bool)}
 		value, issue := builder.build(override.Value, override.Path, len(override.Path.segments))
 		if issue != nil {
-			issue.Primary = location
+			diagnostic := issue.overrideDiagnostic()
-			diagnostics = append(diagnostics, *issue)
+			diagnostic.Primary = location
+			diagnostics = append(diagnostics, diagnostic)
 			continue
 		}
 		if relative, ok := overrideDirectivePath(value, Path{}); ok {

internal/engine/override_value.go

@@ -1,150 +1,21 @@
 package engine
 
-import (
+func (issue *valueIssue) overrideDiagnostic() Diagnostic {
-	"math"
+	code := CodeOverrideInvalidValue
-	"reflect"
+	var message string
-	"slices"
+	switch issue.kind {
-	"strconv"
+	case valueDepthLimit:
-
+		code, message = CodeOverrideLimitExceeded, "configuration override exceeds the depth limit"
-	"gitea.maximumdirect.net/eric/ConfigKit/internal/document"
+	case valueNodeLimit:
-)
+		code, message = CodeOverrideLimitExceeded, "configuration override exceeds the node limit"
-
+	case valueByteLimit:
-type overrideValueBuilder struct {
+		code, message = CodeOverrideLimitExceeded, "configuration override exceeds the record string-byte limit"
-	sourceID string
+	case valueNonFinite:
-	active   map[valueVisit]bool
+		message = "configuration override float must be finite"
-	bytes    int64
+	case valueCycle:
-	nodes    int
+		message = "configuration override values must not contain cycles"
-}
-
-func (b *overrideValueBuilder) build(value any, path Path, depth int) (*document.Node, *Diagnostic) {
-	if depth > maxDocumentDepth {
-		return nil, overrideValueDiagnostic(CodeOverrideLimitExceeded, path, "configuration override exceeds the depth limit")
-	}
-	b.nodes++
-	if b.nodes > maxDocumentNodes {
-		return nil, overrideValueDiagnostic(CodeOverrideLimitExceeded, path, "configuration override exceeds the node limit")
-	}
-	location := document.Location{SourceID: b.sourceID}
-	switch value := value.(type) {
-	case nil:
-		return &document.Node{Kind: document.Null, Location: location}, nil
-	case string:
-		if !b.addBytes(len(value)) {
-			return nil, overrideValueDiagnostic(CodeOverrideLimitExceeded, path, "configuration override exceeds the record string-byte limit")
-		}
-		return &document.Node{Kind: document.String, Text: value, Location: location}, nil
-	case bool:
-		return &document.Node{Kind: document.Boolean, Text: strconv.FormatBool(value), Location: location}, nil
-	case int:
-		return overrideNumber(strconv.FormatInt(int64(value), 10), location), nil
-	case int8:
-		return overrideNumber(strconv.FormatInt(int64(value), 10), location), nil
-	case int16:
-		return overrideNumber(strconv.FormatInt(int64(value), 10), location), nil
-	case int32:
-		return overrideNumber(strconv.FormatInt(int64(value), 10), location), nil
-	case int64:
-		return overrideNumber(strconv.FormatInt(value, 10), location), nil
-	case uint:
-		return overrideNumber(strconv.FormatUint(uint64(value), 10), location), nil
-	case uint8:
-		return overrideNumber(strconv.FormatUint(uint64(value), 10), location), nil
-	case uint16:
-		return overrideNumber(strconv.FormatUint(uint64(value), 10), location), nil
-	case uint32:
-		return overrideNumber(strconv.FormatUint(uint64(value), 10), location), nil
-	case uint64:
-		return overrideNumber(strconv.FormatUint(value, 10), location), nil
-	case float32:
-		if math.IsNaN(float64(value)) || math.IsInf(float64(value), 0) {
-			return nil, overrideValueDiagnostic(CodeOverrideInvalidValue, path, "configuration override float must be finite")
-		}
-		return overrideNumber(strconv.FormatFloat(float64(value), 'g', -1, 32), location), nil
-	case float64:
-		if math.IsNaN(value) || math.IsInf(value, 0) {
-			return nil, overrideValueDiagnostic(CodeOverrideInvalidValue, path, "configuration override float must be finite")
-		}
-		return overrideNumber(strconv.FormatFloat(value, 'g', -1, 64), location), nil
-	case []any:
-		if value == nil {
-			return &document.Node{Kind: document.Null, Location: location}, nil
-		}
-		leave, diagnostic := b.enter(reflect.ValueOf(value), path)
-		if diagnostic != nil {
-			return nil, diagnostic
-		}
-		defer leave()
-		if len(value) > maxDocumentNodes-b.nodes {
-			return nil, overrideValueDiagnostic(CodeOverrideLimitExceeded, path, "configuration override exceeds the node limit")
-		}
-		node := &document.Node{Kind: document.Sequence, Location: location, Sequence: make([]*document.Node, len(value))}
-		for index, child := range value {
-			built, diagnostic := b.build(child, path.Index(index), depth+1)
-			if diagnostic != nil {
-				return nil, diagnostic
-			}
-			node.Sequence[index] = built
-		}
-		return node, nil
-	case map[string]any:
-		if value == nil {
-			return &document.Node{Kind: document.Null, Location: location}, nil
-		}
-		leave, diagnostic := b.enter(reflect.ValueOf(value), path)
-		if diagnostic != nil {
-			return nil, diagnostic
-		}
-		defer leave()
-		if len(value) > (maxDocumentNodes-b.nodes)/2 {
-			return nil, overrideValueDiagnostic(CodeOverrideLimitExceeded, path, "configuration override exceeds the node limit")
-		}
-		keys := make([]string, 0, len(value))
-		for key := range value {
-			keys = append(keys, key)
-		}
-		slices.Sort(keys)
-		node := &document.Node{Kind: document.Mapping, Location: location, Mapping: make([]document.Entry, 0, len(keys))}
-		for _, key := range keys {
-			b.nodes++ // mapping key
-			if !b.addBytes(len(key)) {
-				return nil, overrideValueDiagnostic(CodeOverrideLimitExceeded, path.Key(key), "configuration override exceeds the record string-byte limit")
-			}
-			built, diagnostic := b.build(value[key], path.Key(key), depth+1)
-			if diagnostic != nil {
-				return nil, diagnostic
-			}
-			node.Mapping = append(node.Mapping, document.Entry{Key: key, KeyLocation: location, ValueLocation: location, Value: built})
-		}
-		return node, nil
 	default:
-		return nil, overrideValueDiagnostic(CodeOverrideInvalidValue, path, "configuration override value has an unsupported type")
+		message = "configuration override value has an unsupported type"
 	}
-}
+	return Diagnostic{Code: code, Severity: SeverityError, Path: issue.path.clone(), Message: message}
-
-func (b *overrideValueBuilder) addBytes(count int) bool {
-	if count < 0 || int64(count) > maxSourceBytes-b.bytes {
-		return false
-	}
-	b.bytes += int64(count)
-	return true
-}
-
-func (b *overrideValueBuilder) enter(value reflect.Value, path Path) (func(), *Diagnostic) {
-	visit, ok := visitFor(value)
-	if !ok {
-		return func() {}, nil
-	}
-	if b.active[visit] {
-		return nil, overrideValueDiagnostic(CodeOverrideInvalidValue, path, "configuration override values must not contain cycles")
-	}
-	b.active[visit] = true
-	return func() { delete(b.active, visit) }, nil
-}
-
-func overrideValueDiagnostic(code Code, path Path, message string) *Diagnostic {
-	return &Diagnostic{Code: code, Severity: SeverityError, Path: path.clone(), Message: message}
-}
-
-func overrideNumber(text string, location document.Location) *document.Node {
-	return &document.Node{Kind: document.Number, Text: text, Location: location}
 }

internal/engine/parse.go

@@ -53,6 +53,9 @@ func parseSource(source Source, sourceID string, limits parseLimits) (parsedSour
 	if len(diagnostics) != 0 || read.info == nil {
 		return parsedSource{source: read.info}, diagnostics
 	}
+	if read.document != nil {
+		return parsedSource{document: read.document, source: read.info, bytes: read.bytes}, nil
+	}
 
 	root, issues := yamladapter.Parse(bytes.NewReader(read.data), sourceID, limits.document)
 	if len(issues) != 0 {

internal/engine/source.go

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"reflect"
 	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"gitea.maximumdirect.net/eric/ConfigKit/internal/document"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -25,6 +27,10 @@ type Source struct {
 	namespace *nativeNamespace
 	data      []byte
 	reader    *readerSource
+	mapping   *document.Node
+	mapIssue  *valueIssue
+	mapBytes  int64
+	mapNodes  int
 	createErr sourceCreationError
 }
 
@@ -36,6 +42,7 @@ const (
 	sourceFilesystem
 	sourceBytes
 	sourceReader
+	sourceMapping
 	sourceNone
 )
 
@@ -50,6 +57,7 @@ const (
 	creationInvalidFilesystem
 	creationInvalidFilesystemLabel
 	creationInvalidFilesystemPath
+	creationInvalidMappingRoot
 )
 
 // Filesystem is a reusable opaque namespace for caller-owned fs.FS inputs.
@@ -148,6 +156,24 @@ func Reader(label string, input io.Reader) Source {
 	return source
 }
 
+// Mapping snapshots supported built-in values into an owned document at
+// construction. Invalid values are retained as safe deferred diagnostics.
+func Mapping(label string, values map[string]any) Source {
+	source := Source{kind: sourceMapping, label: label}
+	if !validOverrideLabel(label) {
+		source.createErr = creationInvalidLabel
+		return source
+	}
+	if values == nil {
+		source.createErr = creationInvalidMappingRoot
+		return source
+	}
+	builder := valueBuilder{active: make(map[valueVisit]bool)}
+	source.mapping, source.mapIssue = builder.build(values, Path{}, 0)
+	source.mapBytes, source.mapNodes = builder.bytes, builder.nodes
+	return source
+}
+
 // NoSource explicitly selects a defaults-only input. It creates no source record.
 func NoSource() Source {
 	return Source{kind: sourceNone}
@@ -163,14 +189,24 @@ func defaultSourceLimits() sourceLimits {
 }
 
 type sourceRead struct {
-	data []byte
+	data     []byte
-	info *SourceInfo
+	document *document.Node
+	bytes    int64
+	info     *SourceInfo
 }
 
 func readSource(source Source, sourceID string, limits sourceLimits) (sourceRead, []Diagnostic) {
 	if diagnostic := sourceConstructorDiagnostic(source); diagnostic != nil {
+		if source.kind == sourceMapping {
+			diagnostic.Primary = &Location{SourceID: sourceID}
+			return sourceRead{info: mappingSourceInfo(source, sourceID)}, []Diagnostic{*diagnostic}
+		}
 		return sourceRead{}, []Diagnostic{*diagnostic}
 	}
+	if source.kind == sourceMapping && source.mapIssue != nil {
+		diagnostic := source.mapIssue.sourceDiagnostic(sourceID)
+		return sourceRead{info: mappingSourceInfo(source, sourceID)}, []Diagnostic{diagnostic}
+	}
 	if source.kind == sourceNone {
 		return sourceRead{}, nil
 	}
@@ -219,6 +255,13 @@ func readSource(source Source, sourceID string, limits sourceLimits) (sourceRead
 			return sourceRead{info: info}, []Diagnostic{sourceDiagnostic(CodeSourceReaderUsed, sourceID, "reader source has already been consumed")}
 		}
 		input = source.reader.input
+	case sourceMapping:
+		if source.mapBytes > limit || source.mapNodes > maxDocumentNodes {
+			return sourceRead{info: info}, []Diagnostic{sourceDiagnostic(CodeSourceLimitExceeded, sourceID, "mapping source exceeds the configured input limit")}
+		}
+		owned := document.Clone(source.mapping)
+		setDocumentSourceID(owned, sourceID)
+		return sourceRead{document: owned, bytes: source.mapBytes, info: info}, nil
 	default:
 		return sourceRead{info: info}, []Diagnostic{sourceDiagnostic(CodeSourceInvalid, sourceID, "source is invalid")}
 	}
@@ -229,6 +272,14 @@ func readSource(source Source, sourceID string, limits sourceLimits) (sourceRead
 	return sourceRead{data: bytes.Clone(data), info: info}, nil
 }
 
+func mappingSourceInfo(source Source, sourceID string) *SourceInfo {
+	label := source.label
+	if !validOverrideLabel(label) {
+		label = "mapping"
+	}
+	return &SourceInfo{ID: sourceID, Label: label, Layer: LayerBase, Kind: SourceKindMapping}
+}
+
 func sourceConstructorDiagnostic(source Source) *Diagnostic {
 	var message string
 	code := CodeSourceInvalid
@@ -242,6 +293,9 @@ func sourceConstructorDiagnostic(source Source) *Diagnostic {
 		message = "source path must not be empty"
 	case creationInvalidLabel:
 		message = "source label must not be empty"
+		if source.kind == sourceMapping {
+			message = "mapping source label must be nonempty and safe to display"
+		}
 	case creationInvalidReader:
 		message = "source reader must not be nil"
 	case creationTooLarge:
@@ -253,6 +307,8 @@ func sourceConstructorDiagnostic(source Source) *Diagnostic {
 		message = "filesystem label must be nonempty and safe to display"
 	case creationInvalidFilesystemPath:
 		message = "filesystem source path must be a non-root slash-relative valid path"
+	case creationInvalidMappingRoot:
+		message = "mapping source root must be a non-nil mapping"
 	}
 	diagnostic := sourceDiagnostic(code, "", message)
 	return &diagnostic
@@ -268,11 +324,29 @@ func sourceSourceKind(kind sourceKind) SourceKind {
 		return SourceKindBytes
 	case sourceReader:
 		return SourceKindReader
+	case sourceMapping:
+		return SourceKindMapping
 	default:
 		return ""
 	}
 }
 
+func setDocumentSourceID(node *document.Node, sourceID string) {
+	if node == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	node.Location.SourceID = sourceID
+	for index := range node.Mapping {
+		entry := &node.Mapping[index]
+		entry.KeyLocation.SourceID = sourceID
+		entry.ValueLocation.SourceID = sourceID
+		setDocumentSourceID(entry.Value, sourceID)
+	}
+	for _, child := range node.Sequence {
+		setDocumentSourceID(child, sourceID)
+	}
+}
+
 func classifySourceError(err error, sourceID string) Diagnostic {
 	switch {
 	case errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist):

internal/engine/source_value.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package engine
+
+func (issue *valueIssue) sourceDiagnostic(sourceID string) Diagnostic {
+	code := CodeSourceInvalid
+	message := "mapping source has an unsupported value"
+	switch issue.kind {
+	case valueDepthLimit:
+		code, message = CodeSourceLimitExceeded, "mapping source exceeds the depth limit"
+	case valueNodeLimit:
+		code, message = CodeSourceLimitExceeded, "mapping source exceeds the node limit"
+	case valueByteLimit:
+		code, message = CodeSourceLimitExceeded, "mapping source exceeds the string-byte limit"
+	case valueNonFinite:
+		message = "mapping source float must be finite"
+	case valueCycle:
+		message = "mapping source values must not contain cycles"
+	}
+	return Diagnostic{Code: code, Severity: SeverityError, Path: issue.path.clone(), Message: message, Primary: &Location{SourceID: sourceID}}
+}

internal/engine/value.go

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+package engine
+
+import (
+	"math"
+	"reflect"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"gitea.maximumdirect.net/eric/ConfigKit/internal/document"
+)
+
+type valueBuilder struct {
+	sourceID string
+	active   map[valueVisit]bool
+	bytes    int64
+	nodes    int
+}
+
+type valueIssueKind uint8
+
+const (
+	valueDepthLimit valueIssueKind = iota
+	valueNodeLimit
+	valueByteLimit
+	valueNonFinite
+	valueUnsupported
+	valueCycle
+)
+
+type valueIssue struct {
+	kind valueIssueKind
+	path Path
+}
+
+func newValueIssue(kind valueIssueKind, path Path) *valueIssue {
+	return &valueIssue{kind: kind, path: path.clone()}
+}
+
+func (b *valueBuilder) build(value any, path Path, depth int) (*document.Node, *valueIssue) {
+	if depth > maxDocumentDepth {
+		return nil, newValueIssue(valueDepthLimit, path)
+	}
+	b.nodes++
+	if b.nodes > maxDocumentNodes {
+		return nil, newValueIssue(valueNodeLimit, path)
+	}
+	location := document.Location{SourceID: b.sourceID}
+	switch value := value.(type) {
+	case nil:
+		return &document.Node{Kind: document.Null, Location: location}, nil
+	case string:
+		if !b.addBytes(len(value)) {
+			return nil, newValueIssue(valueByteLimit, path)
+		}
+		return &document.Node{Kind: document.String, Text: value, Location: location}, nil
+	case bool:
+		return &document.Node{Kind: document.Boolean, Text: strconv.FormatBool(value), Location: location}, nil
+	case int:
+		return valueNumber(strconv.FormatInt(int64(value), 10), location), nil
+	case int8:
+		return valueNumber(strconv.FormatInt(int64(value), 10), location), nil
+	case int16:
+		return valueNumber(strconv.FormatInt(int64(value), 10), location), nil
+	case int32:
+		return valueNumber(strconv.FormatInt(int64(value), 10), location), nil
+	case int64:
+		return valueNumber(strconv.FormatInt(value, 10), location), nil
+	case uint:
+		return valueNumber(strconv.FormatUint(uint64(value), 10), location), nil
+	case uint8:
+		return valueNumber(strconv.FormatUint(uint64(value), 10), location), nil
+	case uint16:
+		return valueNumber(strconv.FormatUint(uint64(value), 10), location), nil
+	case uint32:
+		return valueNumber(strconv.FormatUint(uint64(value), 10), location), nil
+	case uint64:
+		return valueNumber(strconv.FormatUint(value, 10), location), nil
+	case float32:
+		if math.IsNaN(float64(value)) || math.IsInf(float64(value), 0) {
+			return nil, newValueIssue(valueNonFinite, path)
+		}
+		return valueNumber(strconv.FormatFloat(float64(value), 'g', -1, 32), location), nil
+	case float64:
+		if math.IsNaN(value) || math.IsInf(value, 0) {
+			return nil, newValueIssue(valueNonFinite, path)
+		}
+		return valueNumber(strconv.FormatFloat(value, 'g', -1, 64), location), nil
+	case []any:
+		if value == nil {
+			return &document.Node{Kind: document.Null, Location: location}, nil
+		}
+		leave, diagnostic := b.enter(reflect.ValueOf(value), path)
+		if diagnostic != nil {
+			return nil, diagnostic
+		}
+		defer leave()
+		if len(value) > maxDocumentNodes-b.nodes {
+			return nil, newValueIssue(valueNodeLimit, path)
+		}
+		node := &document.Node{Kind: document.Sequence, Location: location, Sequence: make([]*document.Node, len(value))}
+		for index, child := range value {
+			built, diagnostic := b.build(child, path.Index(index), depth+1)
+			if diagnostic != nil {
+				return nil, diagnostic
+			}
+			node.Sequence[index] = built
+		}
+		return node, nil
+	case map[string]any:
+		if value == nil {
+			return &document.Node{Kind: document.Null, Location: location}, nil
+		}
+		leave, diagnostic := b.enter(reflect.ValueOf(value), path)
+		if diagnostic != nil {
+			return nil, diagnostic
+		}
+		defer leave()
+		if len(value) > (maxDocumentNodes-b.nodes)/2 {
+			return nil, newValueIssue(valueNodeLimit, path)
+		}
+		keys := make([]string, 0, len(value))
+		for key := range value {
+			keys = append(keys, key)
+		}
+		slices.Sort(keys)
+		node := &document.Node{Kind: document.Mapping, Location: location, Mapping: make([]document.Entry, 0, len(keys))}
+		for _, key := range keys {
+			b.nodes++ // mapping key
+			if !b.addBytes(len(key)) {
+				return nil, newValueIssue(valueByteLimit, path.Key(key))
+			}
+			built, diagnostic := b.build(value[key], path.Key(key), depth+1)
+			if diagnostic != nil {
+				return nil, diagnostic
+			}
+			node.Mapping = append(node.Mapping, document.Entry{Key: key, KeyLocation: location, ValueLocation: location, Value: built})
+		}
+		return node, nil
+	default:
+		return nil, newValueIssue(valueUnsupported, path)
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *valueBuilder) addBytes(count int) bool {
+	if count < 0 || int64(count) > maxSourceBytes-b.bytes {
+		return false
+	}
+	b.bytes += int64(count)
+	return true
+}
+
+func (b *valueBuilder) enter(value reflect.Value, path Path) (func(), *valueIssue) {
+	visit, ok := visitFor(value)
+	if !ok {
+		return func() {}, nil
+	}
+	if b.active[visit] {
+		return nil, newValueIssue(valueCycle, path)
+	}
+	b.active[visit] = true
+	return func() { delete(b.active, visit) }, nil
+}
+
+func valueNumber(text string, location document.Location) *document.Node {
+	return &document.Node{Kind: document.Number, Text: text, Location: location}
+}

source.go

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 // Source is an opaque configuration input. Construct sources with File,
-// Filesystem.File, Bytes, Reader, or NoSource; the zero value is invalid.
+// Filesystem.File, Bytes, Reader, Mapping, or NoSource; the zero value is invalid.
 type Source struct{ value engine.Source }
 
 // Filesystem is a reusable opaque namespace for a caller-owned fs.FS. Copies
@@ -38,6 +38,15 @@ func Bytes(label string, data []byte) Source { return Source{value: engine.Bytes
 // Copies of the returned Source share the same single-use claim.
 func Reader(label string, input io.Reader) Source { return Source{value: engine.Reader(label, input)} }
 
+// Mapping snapshots supported built-in values immediately. A nil root map is
+// invalid; an empty map is a valid empty document. Values may be nil, built-in
+// scalars, []any, or map[string]any recursively. Unsupported values and cycles
+// are reported when the source is consumed. Label must be nonempty and safe to
+// display. Later caller mutation cannot change the captured document.
+func Mapping(label string, values map[string]any) Source {
+	return Source{value: engine.Mapping(label, values)}
+}
+
 // NoSource explicitly selects a defaults-only input. It creates no source record.
 func NoSource() Source { return Source{value: engine.NoSource()} }